Continuing the story of Admiral Hipper:
After arriving in Trondheim, the next months were rather uneventful for the cruiser and her crew. The ship did not participate in any operation until plans were made for an attack on convoy PQ17, the largest convoy ever assembled at that point in the war, which would head for northern Russia. The codename for this operation was
Rösselsprung (lit. Jump of the Horse, but also an older German term describing the movement of the knight figure in chess).
On July 2nd, 1942, the battleship
Tirpitz, under the command of Admiral Schniewind, left Trondheim together with
Admiral Hipper, Z6
Theodor Riedel, Z20
Karl Galster,
T15 and
T17. Joining them further north would be the fleet of Vice-Admiral Kummetz, consisting of
Admiral Scheer,
Lützow and destroyers Z4
Richard Beitzen,
Z24,
Z27,
Z28,
Z29,
Z30. Joining both fleets were destroyers Z16
Friedrch Eckolt and Z15
Erich Steinbrinck. However, along the way
Lützow and the destroyers
Z10 Hans Lody and
Z6 Theodor Riedel ran aground and had to be left behind.
The convoy PQ17, which had left Hvalfjord on June 27th, consisted of 35 mostly British, American and Russian freighters and was escorted by a joint British-American fleet. Close escort consisted of 6 destroyers and 13 smaller escorts. The distant covering role was taken over by cruisers HMS
London, HMS
Norfolk, USS
Wichita and USS
Tuscaloosa and 4 destroyers. Long range cover was provided by battleships HMS
Duke of York and USS
Washington, carrier HMS
Victorious and 9 destroyers. Along the way, a light cruiser and a destroyer stationed at Spitsbergen joined the fleet. Along the way, two freighters, SS
Exford and SS
Richard Bland were damaged by ice and had to return.
The Germans detected the convoy already on July 1st by a U-Boat and air attacks immediately began on July 2nd by the I./Kapfgeschwader 26, consisting of around 200 bombers of different types and the U-Boats U-251 and U-376. Despite continuous attacks over the next three days (day and night because of the Arctic Summer), the attacks were repelled by the convoys strong escort screen. One freighter was sunk and four more damaged, two of which had to be given up. On July 4th, Allied recon planes noticed the German capital ships missing from Trondheim. The German fleet had moved to Altafjord and began their Operation on July 5th. On their way to combat, they were unsuccessfully attacked by the Soviet submarine K21 and spotted by the British submarine HMS
Unshaken. The recon report was intercepted by the intelligence group still stationed on
Admiral Hipper and Captain Meisel reported his concerns about the mission to the leadership. This was reinforced when
Admiral Hipper intercepted messages from a seaplane and the submarine
P54, both describing the German fleet in detail. At 21:30, the Operation Rösselsprung was aborted and the fleet returned to Langenfjord without ever even seeing convoy PQ17.
However, that was not the end of this episode of the war. On July 4th, convinced that an attack of the German surface fleet was imminent, Fleet Admiral Dudley Pound, First Sea Lord, ordered the convoy to scatter and the heavy escorts to return to Scapa Flow. What followed was a massacre: Between the planes of Luftflotte 5 and 4 U-Boats, 20 more freighters were sunk over the next five days, eight by aircraft, the rest by U-Boats and only five German planes were lost. Of original 35 freighters of PQ17, 11 reached Russian ports.